Showing posts with label Ayn Rand. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ayn Rand. Show all posts

Thursday, September 28, 2017

Conservative Ideology and Socialism Two Ways

Welcome friends!

I must apologize for the breakdown in my scheduling the last few weeks.  It’s been a little crazy around here and I’m not just talking about President Trump and the Republican Party.  So let’s make up for lost time and dive right in shall we?  What caught my eye this week was an amusing online comment about wealthy American “socialists” who live in gated communities and high rises not caring that immigrants and “black” people are taking jobs from hapless “white” people.  Always fun to read these sorts of posts if one can get past the fractured syntax and inventive spelling because it’s a little window into how other people see the world and by other people I mean in this instance people one might not otherwise engage in conversation in everyday life.  Ah yes the beauty of the internet.  Bringing people together, right?  Of course I’m not entirely sure if I was connecting with a semi-literate American redneck or a professional Russian troll still learning the English language but anyway they seem to get along quite well these days so doesn’t really matter much to me.  I am on the other hand always interested in how conservatives use and understand others (such as Russian trolls for example) to use the term “socialism.” It occurred to me although all conservatives are trained from early childhood to despise “socialists” with a passion verging on clinical paranoia they quite often display certain socialistic tendencies themselves.  Ironic.  Anyway, I thought I’d say a few words about that this week.

When American conservatives excoriate  domestic “socialists” what they have in mind is what you and I might call liberal / progressive democrats who support social programs designed to help struggling people.  I’m sure we all understand the haughty Ayn Randian elitist conservatives who despise that sort of thing on the principle if struggling people are destined to die they should get on with it and reduce the surplus population.  That type of conservative has been common both here and abroad for a very long time most likely from at least the time of the ancient pharaohs.  I talk about those conservatives often enough but they’re not really the focus of this post.  No, there’s another species of conservative in the USA that is more of the economically struggling salt of the earth “populist” variety.  It’s a running joke of course the latter group of conservatives finds common cause with the former group because the former group clearly views the latter group as little more than a mildly amusing species of vermin they need to play with in the name of political expediency until they manage to sufficiently shrink and neutralize democratic government to render such distasteful interactions unnecessary.  It may seem superficially curious these struggling working class conservatives would have such a rabid hatred of the people who have their best interests at heart.  Some of these conservatives are convinced liberal “socialists” are only concerned about struggling immigrants and racial minorities and funneling resources to them in particular.  Humorous of course because although there may be a few programs specifically tailored to immigrants and racial minorities most of the programs under consideration are means tested programs available to all.  Others are convinced the reason some people are struggling is that liberal “socialists” are trying to help them and if we just got rid of the programs designed to deal with these social problems the problems themselves would evaporate.  Also rather comical because historically of course the social problems predate the programs designed to address them and there is no reason at all to suppose something has changed in the interim that would prevent them reappearing if we no longer attempt to address them.  But that’s the story fed to them by the traditional conservative elite that has never seen the need to deal with social problems or I suppose more accurately has always refused even to acknowledge social problems as such and that’s the story they’re going with.

The funny thing about recent developments of course is conservatives of the struggling salt of the earth variety have re-discovered their own version of socialism in the guise of former presidential advisor Mr. Bannon’s pet project“economic nationalism.” Many conservatives seem to be struggling to recognize this agenda for what it is.  So let’s just set the record straight.

The non-socialist traditional conservative elitist response to white working class Americans losing their jobs is a big shrug of the shoulders.  So what?  What happens to you or your family is none of our concern.  We’re not your nannies.  If you lose out in the modern competitive economy that’s your problem not ours.  If insufficient jobs are available on the free market then it’s right and fitting you not have a job.  You should just go someplace and die.  Did an immigrant take your job?  So what?  You competed and the immigrant was either willing to work for less or had some other advantage.  Did some sort of minority take your job?  So what?  No one is entitled to a job.  The non-socialist approach is open borders, free movement of labor, free markets both domestically and internationally, and whatever happens happens.

What one may call the traditional liberal or at least neoliberal brand of “socialism” is to have the same sort of free market for labor and goods and services traditional conservatives embrace but to acknowledge and attempt to address the rather obvious distributional issues associated with that approach by coming up with programs to help people who may be losing out or temporarily struggling.  We’re talking about help for people having trouble finding a job.  Help with education.  Help with housing or food if necessary.  The most drastic option is probably spending tax dollars to generate jobs that would otherwise not be forthcoming on the market.  As many people have pointed out these fixes aren’t the same as dumping money down a hole in the ground as many traditional conservatives might suggest.  When we find a way to get money to struggling people they spend it, consumer demand increases, and the economy inevitably grows.  People are a lot happier as well and that has to count for something.

The new / old “economic nationalism” implicitly acknowledges the drawbacks of the free market but instead of allowing it to function and trying to fix problems after they appear it attempts to manipulate the conditions surrounding the market to head off potential problems.  Examples of this approach would be laws to buy only products made in America (regardless of whether those products are the best or the cheapest) or to prevent companies relocating to other countries (despite the potential competitive advantages of doing so) or to prevent companies from automating or using labor saving technology (despite the potential cost savings).  Depending on the “society” this form of socialism is meant to address it might involve preventing people immigrating or I suppose even ensuring that members of some ethnic or racial groups get certain jobs, etc.  As any traditional conservative or neoliberal will tell you these types of market restrictions and manipulations come at a cost.  One may be unable to get the cheapest or most qualified worker.  One may lose out relative to foreign competitors.  The problems are in the same category as those associated with other more common market manipulations like minimum wage laws and union contracts.  However, this rigging of the market approach is one way to keep everyone or at least some people in the game.  Nothing is free in this world including trying to help struggling people.  And to the extent we’re getting money to struggling people we may at least still get the consumer demand effect.  My point in this post is not to adjudicate which type of socialism works best or makes the most sense.  It’s simply to point out they’re both forms of what is essentially socialism.  They’re both predicated on the proposition we should care what happens to other people in our “society” however we choose to define it.  We should care if our neighbor has a job.  We should care if people can afford housing.  Other people matter.

Now if one is truly opposed to socialism that’s fine with me.   Everyone is free to hold his or her own opinion on the matter.  I tend to think what happens to other people in our society is important.  Other people should have jobs and a way to make a living.  We need to keep thinking and working until we have a system that does that.  But that’s just me.  If one supports one type of socialism over another that’s also fine with me.  As I just explained I’m not entirely sure what would work best myself.  But you know what I really can’t abide?  Someone who rants on and on about the evils of socialism from one side of his or her mouth all the while promoting a form of socialism out the other side.  We’re not going to get anywhere at that rate.  Can we at least agree to try to talk sensibly about these issues?

Friday, July 22, 2011

The Two Headed Monster of Conservatism

Welcome friends!

I read an article recently I think really illustrates the differences between the two main types of conservatives in the US: social conservatives and economic conservatives.  As I’ve argued before (see my introductory posts for example), these different types of conservatives have very different philosophies and agendas.  Indeed, I suppose it only makes sense to talk of them as both representing forms of “conservatism” because they share a common enemy: liberalism.  Of course, the two types of conservatives are at war with liberalism for different reasons.

Social conservatives despise liberalism because most liberals, regardless of their personal views on religion, are committed to a sphere of personal liberty (that would be when one’s actions don’t have a significant effect on the welfare of other people) and support the associated notion of the separation of church and state.  In contrast, social conservatism is all about using state power to force other people to follow one’s own religious beliefs and merging religion and government to help bring that about.

Economic conservatives, on the other hand, despise liberalism because most liberals don’t buy their argument that market systems are infallible, and liberals are therefore willing to consider regulation and oversight in some cases to address such issues as market stability, distributional concerns, and social welfare issues.  Economic conservatives believe if you can just get the surrounding legal institutions perfectly right (yes, that involves government, politics, and law, but that doesn’t count as “regulation” in the world view of economic conservatives, in case you were wondering), then private markets will always lead to optimal outcomes.  Thus, they don’t see any valid reason to concern themselves with distributional or social welfare issues.  For economic conservatives, whatever outcome falls out of this sort of perfected market system is by definition the ethically optimal one.

Anyway, the article I was reading the other day was about two of the guiding spirits of these two very different groups of conservatives: 1) Jesus Christ in the case of many social conservatives and 2) Ayn Rand in the case of many economic conservatives.  (The article notes conservative leaders Paul Ryan, Rand Paul, and Rush Limbaugh have all said they admire Rand.)  Now, as the article points out, these two people / spiritual entities didn’t exactly see eye to eye on a number of issues.  Jesus Christ famously taught people should love one another, have compassion for those less fortunate than themselves, etc.  Ayn Rand was an old time Russian emigre who was clearly traumatized by the communist revolution in that country, in which her father apparently lost his business, and went on to write novels and develop a sort of amateur social philosophy that was all about the importance of egotism and self interest as the great motivating force for mankind and was highly critical of any talk revolving around concern for others.  Eric Sapp, the executive director of a group named The American Values Network, a group of political activists and pastors, noted recently that “Rand said religion was ‘evil,’ called the message of John 3:16 ‘monstrous,’ argued the weak are beyond love and undeserving of it, that loving your neighbor was immoral and impossible…”

Now I think I can see where Ms. Rand was coming from.  Even those of us who were not caught up in the violent excesses of the Russian Revolution can think of examples of do-gooders who end up doing rather more harm than good.  And we can probably all think of examples in which people behaved like selfish jerks but it all worked out for the best.  However, I’m afraid I can’t really take her overall social philosophy very seriously.  After all, some do-gooders end up doing good.  And sometimes when people behave like selfish jerks everything goes to hell in a hand basket.  So, you know, I think there’a a certain amount of conservative hyperbole in the entire project.

I suppose the Randian view on social ethics becomes superficially more attractive if you combine it with a rather simple-minded interpretation of the neoclassical economic theory of perfectly competitive markets because (in the popular mind at least) that theory is also based on people acting like selfish jerks and that theory also suggests such behavior leads to socially optimal outcomes.  (I think you’ll find if you talk to someone with somewhat greater knowledge of economic theory that statement doesn’t necessarily hold.  First, the theoretical actors that stand in for people in economic models typically have preferences that aren’t really restricted to their own self-interest narrowly defined, so there’s generally no theoretical restriction with respect to altruism v egotism.  Of course, it is admittedly a bit confusing to talk about someone pursuing their own self-interest by satisfying their preferences for helping others, but there you have it.  Second, if you set aside that issue, then you’re probably going to get involved in a very long and complicated discussion about whether economic theory is meant to be an objective description of how people really are, a theoretical simplification that one can use to try to predict how people act, or a normative ethical theory about how people ought to behave in order to bring about socially optimal results.  That is to say, if you get stuck in this particular side alley, get ready to go round and round and round yet again about whether economic theory says people are selfish jerks, behave roughly as though they were selfish jerks, or ought to be selfish jerks.  Third, and most significantly, you have the entire issue of what economic theory really says, and is really capable of saying, about socially optimal outcomes in the first place, which is something I’ve discussed many times before and will no doubt discuss many times again.)  Of course, I can certainly understand why the selfish jerks of the world are attracted to Rand’s writings.  I suppose that’s why her novels are perpetual best sellers here in the US.  Let’s face it, there’s a lot of it about.

OK, so in this showdown of the conservative super icons, which one do I personally prefer?  The prophet / supernatural entity and champion of love and the little guy Jesus Christ, or the embittered, self-obsessed acolyte of the economic elite Ayn Rand?  Hmm.  Tough one.  I think I’ll have to give the nod to Christ in that contest.  Yes, even though I’m actually an atheist, like Rand, when it comes to ethics I think a lot of what Christ had to say actually makes more a little more sense to me than what Rand had to say.  (If only I could say the same about some of Christ’s modern day followers.)

By the way, in case it hasn’t been obvious in this post or others, I don’t actually think any of us are really that far apart on these types of issues.  I understand many people today are amused by overheated political rhetoric and consider more mature forms of discourse weak and namby-pamby, so I’m willing to play along with that.  (Two headed monster indeed.)  But just a few comments sotto voce.

Despite being a liberal, and a secular humanist one at that, I don’t really have a problem with most religious folk, including most Christians.  Hey, some of my best friends are Christians.  (Did I use that one before?)  No, the only problem I have with Christians are with the overly aggressive and militant ones who try to foist their beliefs on me in situations in which I think personal liberty should prevail (i.e., situations in which one’s behavior doesn’t really have a significant impact on other people).  You know, thanks buddy, but I think I can handle those types of moral issues on my own.  I do have a brain you know.  Well, a sort of one, anyway.  And I’m obviously no expert on the subject, but I’ve never really conceived of Jesus Christ behaving that way anyway, so I’m not exactly sure that bit is really in the Bible.  The same goes for people of other religious persuasions.  Well, OK, I suppose I might also disagree with whatever the various permutations of religious ethics have to say about issues that are not in the sphere of personal liberty, but I’m willing to get in there and debate those issues on their merits, so I’m fine with that.

Similarly, I don’t really have a big problem with people who see a lot of merit in market systems because I see a lot of merit in market systems myself.  Again, the only problem I have is when people start to espouse extreme positions and begin to worship real-world markets as infallible generators and arbiters of social welfare.  I just don’t think that’s very realistic.  First of all, there are all types of real world markets; they’re not all the perfectly competitive ones I think these people probably have in mind.  Some market arrangements don’t actually lead to what economists would characterize as optimal results even on paper.  And trying to figure out how close any given real market is to the theoretical model of a perfectly competitive market, or how to modify it so it becomes close enough, or how to keep it there once it’s there, are no small tasks.  Second, I think history shows market systems in general are prone to things like cycles, bubbles, collapses, and what not; and those types of things can be pretty darned disruptive.  You might wish market systems would just run like clockwork churning out the optimal level of goods and services year in and year out, but I’m afraid history shows that’s not actually the case.  Third, I don’t really see any mechanism in even the theory of market systems, let alone reality, that ensures distributional outcomes will be fair, just, or ethically optimal, and to me that’s as big a part of what any economic system is about as the total quantity of goods and services it produces.  (I’ve discussed the misleading way some accounts of economic theory pretend it can establish socially optimal economic arrangements without discussing distributional issues in previous posts.  For example, see my post on liberals and economic theory.  Or just keep reading my blog.  I’m sure I’ll get around to discussing it again.  And again.)

So philosophically I don’t think we’re really all that far apart.  Eliminate the extremism and I suppose we’re all really liberals at heart.

References

Jesus or Ayn Rand - can conservatives claim both? John Blake. CNN, June 29, 2011. http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2011/06/29/jesus-or-ayn-rand-can-conservatives-claim-both/?hpt=hp_c2